major and minor loss in pipes

Major and minor loss in pipes/duct system
Head loss of a pipe is equal to Major loss and the minor loss in the pipe. The major loss is due to friction in the pipe or duct system.  The Minor loss is due to the components in the system.
h_loss = Σ h_{major_losses} + Σ h_{minor_losses}      

where

h_loss = total head loss in the pipe or duct system
h_{major_losses} = major loss due to friction in the pipe or duct system
h_{minor_losses} = minor loss due to the components in the system

• Major Head Loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to friction in pipes and ducts.
• Minor Head Loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to components as valves, bends, tees and sudden enlargement , sudden contraction, exit of the pipe, inlet of the pipes and the like in the pipe or duct system.